What is the 28/36 rule of debt ratio?
The 28/36 rule compares monthly housing costs and total monthly debt with gross monthly income. The front-end ratio checks housing affordability, while the back-end ratio checks the broader debt burden.
It is a screening rule, not an approval guarantee. Lenders may use different limits depending on credit profile, loan program, reserves, property taxes, insurance, and local underwriting standards.
28/36 rule formula
Front-end ratio = housing costs / income x 100. Back-end ratio = total debt / income x 100.
Housing costs may be entered directly or built from individual housing expenses. When itemized expenses are enabled, the calculator adds principal loan amount, loan interest, property tax, and insurance before calculating the front-end ratio.
- Housing costs are compared with income for the 28% rule.
- Housing costs plus other debts are compared with income for the 36% rule.
- Use monthly amounts for income, housing costs, and debt payments.
How to calculate 28/36 mortgage rule - an example
If monthly income is $5,000 and housing costs are $1,400, the front-end ratio is 28%. If other monthly debts are $400, total debt is $1,800 and the back-end ratio is 36%.
A result at or below both benchmarks suggests the scenario fits the conventional 28/36 guideline. A higher result does not automatically make the mortgage impossible, but it should trigger a closer review of affordability and lender rules.
What price house can I afford?
The calculator does not convert a debt ratio into a home price by itself because the affordable price depends on down payment, rate, term, property tax, insurance, HOA fees, and lender rules.
Use the housing-cost estimate as a monthly affordability checkpoint, then test the same assumptions in a mortgage calculator to translate the payment into a possible purchase price.