What is basal area?
Basal area is the cross-sectional area of a tree stem measured at breast height. Foresters use it to describe how much of a stand is occupied by tree trunks, which helps compare density across plots.
For one tree, the calculator converts diameter at breast height into a circular stem area. For multiple trees, it adds the tree areas and reports the stand density for the measured plot.
How to calculate basal area
The single-tree formula is basal area = pi x (DBH / 2)^2. When DBH is entered in inches, the calculator converts square inches to square feet for the displayed result.
For a plot with several trees, calculate each tree's basal area from its DBH and add those values. The total describes the measured trees before any per-acre scaling is applied.
How do you calculate basal area per acre?
Basal area per acre equals the summed basal area of the measured trees divided by the plot area in acres. A half-acre plot is therefore doubled to estimate the per-acre value.
This value is a stand-level density estimate. It is most meaningful when the measured area and tree list represent the stand you want to evaluate.
How to use the basal area calculator
Choose whether you are calculating one tree or more than one tree. For one tree, enter the diameter at breast height and read the basal area result.
For multiple trees, enter DBH values for up to 50 trees and the area covered by those trees. The calculator reports the counted trees, the summed basal area, and basal area per acre.
FAQs
Diameter at breast height is normally measured at a standard height on the tree trunk. Keep the same DBH convention across all trees in a stand comparison.
Basal area is not the same as canopy cover or timber volume. It is a compact way to summarize stem density, so field sampling choices strongly affect the result.